Woven fabric



R. G. TURNER.

WOVEN FABRIC. APPLICATION FILED JAN. I4. I918- 1,32Q,996. Patented Nov. 4, 1919.

UNITED STATES PATENT @FFTQE.

RICHARD GREENLEAF TURNER, F MALDEN, MASSACHUSETTS. v

WOVEN FABRIC.

Application filed January 14, 1918.

To all whomitmay concern:

Be it known that I, RiemannGREENLEAF TURNER, a citizen of the United States, and

' a resident of the city of Malden, in the county of Middlesex and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Woven Fabrics, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact specification.

In an application filed by me June 12, 1917, Serial No. 174,233, for improvements in looms, I disclose means whereby the weft thread is fed through a vertical tube to the interior of the shed, passing therefrom into the control of the shuttle. Four harness frames are employed, two for the warp threads of one lateral half of'the fabric, and the other for the warp of the other half.

In this present application is disclosed and claimed the peculiar type of fabric which is produced by the loom. The main novelty of this fabric is that every shed contains two weft threads, and yet these two are both sections of the samethread. This multiplication of the weft or filler in each warp shed is accomplished by doubling upon itself a section of weft thread equal in length tothe width of thefabric, and uniting these contactin halves in the same sheds, the lower lnIf of each doubled length being continuous with the upper half of the next doublet at the other side of the fabric.

In other, words, the weft threads are in pairs doubled at the selvage edge of the fabric, each leg of each pair merging into a leg of-another pair in the other lateral half of the fabric, the two legs of each pair being,

onfined in the same warp sheds.

. In the drawings forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a plan View, partly in section and diagrammatic, of a loom upon which the fabric can be woven. Fig. 2 is a side sectional viewof the same. Fig. 3 is a face view of a length of the fabric embodying my improvement, the threads being illustrated as widely separated. Fig. 4 is a plan View of an elemental portion of the weft.

In the loom, the weft thread 1 is received from any suitable source andv delivered to the upper end of a Vertical tube 3 terminating at its lower end in a horizontal elbow 4. This elbow is iven a periodic oscillation to and from t e position shown in Fig. 1 to and from a similar one at the right Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 4, 1919.

Serial No. 211,747.

of the center line of the loom, for the purpose hereinafter described.

At each side of the shed is a shuttle box 11 and a picker stick 13 for-the actuation of the shuttle 12.

The warp threads are in four sets, the set 21 passing through heddles 22 carried by a harness frame 23; the set 24 passing through heddles 25 carried by the harness frame 26; the set 27 passing through heddles 29 car r1ed by a harness frame 30, and a set 28 passmg through heddles 31 carried by a harness frame 32; all the warp threads being drawn over the brast-beam 33 and fastencd to the cloth beam 34 in the usual manner.

Immediately preceding a blow of a picker stick 13 by which the shuttle 12 is shot through the shed to the opposite shuttle box 11, the arm 4 is turned to a position be tween the warp threads connected with the farther half of the breast-beam 33; and, the weft thread 1 running freely in an eye in the shuttle and through the tube 3 and arm 4, the shuttle deposits a length of Weft the entire width of the sheds. As soon as the shuttle has thus passed, the shuttle and arm being now in the positions illustrated in Fig. l, the harness frames 26 and 32 reverse their position to lower the warp 24 and raise the warp 27. Immediately following this, a beater comb 35 acts to press the weft firmly in place, and then the arm 4 swings toward the right and the shuttle 12 is thrown across; the harness frames 23 and 30 are reversed;- the beater comb again swings forward and returns; again the shuttle and arm move over, and so on indefinitely.

Thus operated, the loom will weave the fabric shown in Fig. 3, wherein it will be seen that every shed contains two strands of weft but that the two strands in one lateral half of the fabric are not both coterminous with those in the other half. Or, as otherwise described, a weft element comprises four parallel thread-sections each sheds 41, the line of sheds 40 being not quite in alinement with the line of sheds 41. The section 1 of one weft element is united by a slight ofl'set l to the end of the section 1 of the next weft element.

Each weft element may be likened tq a letter 8 turned on its side and pressed flat,

the ends of each element merging into the and labor in the process of Weaving, but

even more in the labor and other expenses associated with winding the bobbins; It has been conservatively estimated that for medium sizes of jute and burlap, there is a total saving in expense for labor, power, interest and general overhead, of not less than twenty-five per cent.; and for heavier sizes, an even larger saving.

It might be thought that, since there is no warp thread passing within the bends or loops 1 the weft threads Wlll not hold the warp along the selvage edges of the fabric, and to guard against the same I provided the loom set forth in my said com- -panion application with stitching devices for binding together, and to the outermost warp threads, said loops 1. In actual practice, however, I do not find this uni-,

formly necessary, although in some grades of fabric and some vuses, it is desirable. For the latter I provide, either in the manner illustrated in said companion application, or otherwise, an extra thread 12 shown at the right hand edge of the fabric in Fig. 3, adapted by its engagement With the loops or bends 1 to lock the outermost warp threads from pulling out from their engagement with the weft threads.

It should be noted that in this fabric the warp is centrally divided by an imaginary line, which separates the transverse lines of sheds at one side from the lines at the other side, the sheds at each side of the line being staggered with respect to those at the other side. In other words, the sheds next to said line alternate in longitudinal posit-ion with the sheds next to the other side of this line.

What I claim is: 1. A woven fabric having Warp and weft threads, every warp shed containing two 2. A woven fabric having warp and weft 4 threads, each warp shed containing two strands of weft doubled together with the loop in the selvage of the fabric and their ends continuous with the ends of like folded strands in the other lateral half of the fabric, each lateral half of a Weft thread being integral with another lateral half through an oblique offset, every alternate oblique offset being parallel.

3. A woven fabric having warp and weft threads, every warp shed containing a pair of weft-sections, each pair extending substantially half the width of the fabric and consisting of a length of thread doubled over on itself, the loop lying in the edge of the fabric, the weft-sections being all parallel and one end of each pair being continuous with an. end of the pair adjoining in the opposite lateral half of the fabric, the sheds in one lateral half of the fabric being slightly out of alinement with the sheds in.

the other lateral half.

4:. A woven fabric having warp and Weft threads, every warp shed containing two strands of weft doubled together with the loop in the edge of the fabric and their ends continuous with the ends of like folded strands in the other lateral half of the fabric, each-lateral half of a weft thread being united to its other lateral half by an oblique offset, every alternate oblique offset being 

